基于区域监测站的BDS定轨策略分析     

王乐  黄观文  张勤  燕兴元  秦志伟  王利  崔博斌 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(5):497-503

围绕影响轨道精度和实时性的5个要素（模糊度分类固定、测站数量、定轨弧长、太阳光压模型和多系统组合）展开研究，得出区域测站分布下的定轨优选策略。实验表明，选取中国区域27个均匀分布的地面区域监测站，利用72 h弧长观测数据，采用ECOM 5参数简化太阳光压摄动模型、BDS/GPS双系统联合定轨可达到较好的精度，其中GEO卫星轨道精度约291 cm，IGSO/MEO卫星轨道精度优于11 cm。若BDS单系统采用上述策略进行定轨，也可达到GEO卫星299 cm和IGSO/MEO卫星14.4 cm的近似等价定轨精度。  相似文献   

福建政和县东际金（银）矿床黄铁矿微量元素和硫-铅同位素及锆石年龄研究     

肖凡  班宜忠  范飞鹏  许乃岑  毛光武  李凤春 《中国地质》2020,47(2):375-393

东际金(银)矿床赋存于燕山晚期南园组火山岩中,是东南沿海地区一个隐爆角砾岩型贵金属矿床,已探明金资源量达12.5 t,银资源量135.9 t。通过开展主要金属硫化物黄铁矿电子探针和硫-铅同位素分析,讨论了成矿作用和成矿物质来源等问题。研究表明,东际金(银)矿床黄铁矿Co/Ni值3～94(平均值23)且Co含量为500×10-6～1070×10-6(均值799×10-6),Fe/(S+As)值0.827～0.871(均值0.860),Au/Ag值0.9～5.5(均值2.6),反映该矿床是与陆相火山作用有关的浅成中低温热液型矿床。黄铁矿δ34S在-6.6‰～-0.7‰,206Pb/204Pb为17.9801～18.4303,207Pb/204Pb为15.2689～15.9397,208Pb/204Pb为37.9052～38.7871,指示成矿物质主要来源于具有壳幔混源性质的花岗质岩浆,此外含矿热液也活化萃取了部分基底变质岩和火山岩围岩的金属元素。通过锆石U-Pb年代学研究和区域成矿资料对比,东际金(银)矿床成矿时代可被限定于早白垩世晚期。  相似文献   

利用短期静态PPP结果反演海潮负荷位移     

魏国光  王琪洁  彭葳  郭良琦 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(6):607-612

采用香港11个GPS测站的观测资料进行1 h、2 h、3 h和4h静态PPP解算，获得4组PPP坐标序列，利用调和分析求取11个测站处8个主要分潮的负荷位移参数（振幅和相位），将其与海潮模型计算的负荷位移参数进行对比，并比较分析PPP反演值与海潮模型值改正海潮负荷信号的效果。结果表明，垂直和水平方向上，不同PPP结果反演8个分潮的负荷位移分别具有约5 mm和7 mm的差异；PPP反演8个分潮垂向负荷位移优于全球海潮模型，但水平方向上的反演效果稍弱。  相似文献   

低空无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的应用     

冯增文  李珂  李梓豪  任传斌 《测绘通报》2020,(9):42-45

智慧地铁的建设需要三维模型的支撑，运用倾斜摄影测量技术，结合三维可视化技术，为智慧地铁提供了三维数据支撑，推动了全生命周期智慧地铁建设的全面发展。本文旨在以雄安新区城市轨道交通R1线为研究区，对其沿线85 km进行了无人机航飞工作，通过数据处理获取了沿线三维实景模型，并对模型成果精度进行了详细对比。结果表明，此次倾斜摄影测量成果满足1：500比例尺要求。此外，还对倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的相关应用进行了介绍，为城市轨道交通建设工作由二维向三维转变开拓了新的方向。  相似文献   

基于GIS的石家庄市雾霾分析     

苏亚聪  史娟  徐爽 《北京测绘》2020,(2):233-237

为了得出雾霾气象成因机制、影响因素和时空分布特征,以石家庄市区与郊县为研究区域,将2013年9月至2016年12月石家庄市各市区、郊县的PM2.5历史监测数据中的有效数据进行了数据分析处理得到雾霾浓度数据,还有温度、降水、风速、地形和人口密度等数据,运用GIS分析的方法,模拟绘制石家庄雾霾的时空分布图、雾霾与各影响因子的专题对比图,得到雾霾形成机制的因子、雾霾的时空分布规律、雾霾季节变化特征、雾霾与地形间的关系等;运用数据分析软件OriginPro8.SR3分析雾霾浓度与风速数据、降雨数据、温度数据间的相关性。  相似文献   

基于倾斜摄影测量的大比例尺三维测图技术     

李通 《北京测绘》2020,(4):543-546

目前,城市大比例尺地形图更新主要采用全野外的测量方法,不仅耗费大量的劳动力,并且效率低下。旋翼机和倾斜摄影测量技术的快速发展,为城市大比例尺地形图的测绘与更新提供了全新的技术手段。本文以滕州市城区约10 km2的1∶500地形图测绘项目为例,采用大疆精灵4 Pro旋翼机进行数据获取,Smart 3D软件进行空三加密及三维建模,最后在EPS软件中进行三维测图,并对地形图成果进行了精度检核,验证了技术方案的可行性,为同类项目提供了有益参考。  相似文献   

Loading protocols for experimental seismic qualification of members in conventional and emerging steel frames     

Cheng Fang  Yiwei Ping  Yiyi Chen 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(2):155-174

Quasi-static testing is one of the most commonly used experimental methods for examining the seismic performance of structural members. However, consistent loading protocols for experimental seismic qualification of members in emerging steel frames such as self-centering braced frames (SCBFs) as well as in some conventional ones including buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are still lacking. This paper aims to propose standardized loading protocols based on time-history dynamic analysis on a series of prototype building frames, including steel SCBFs, BRBFs, and moment-resisting frames (MRFs), where both far-field and near-fault earthquakes are considered. The methodology for the development of the loading protocols involves ground motion selection and scaling, design and analysis of prototype buildings, analysis results processing, and rainflow cycle counting, together with extra justification steps. The proposed loading protocols are consistently derived based on the MCE-level seismic hazard and 84^th percentile values of key seismic demand parameters. These parameters are number of damaging cycles N_t, maximum inter-story drift θ_max, inter-story drift range Δθ_i, sum of inter-story drift range ΣΔθ_i, and residual inter-story drift θ_r. The analysis confirms the variations in these seismic demands imposed on the different structural systems under different types of ground motions, highlighting the necessity of developing separate loading protocols for the different cases. The assumptions, decisions, and judgments made during the development of the loading protocols are elaborated, and the conditions and restrictions are outlined. The rationality of the proposed loading protocols is further justified through demonstrating the cumulative distribution function and energy dissipation demand of the systems.  相似文献   

Socio-hydrological framework for investigating farmers’ activities affecting the shrinkage of Urmia Lake; hybrid data mining and agent-based modelling     

Parsa Pouladi  Amir Molajou  Mohammad Hadi Afshar 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1249-1261

ABSTRACT

Developing a general framework to capture the complexities associated with the non-linear and adaptive nature of farmers facing water resources scarcity is a challenging problem. This paper integrates agent-based modelling (ABM) and a data mining method to develop a hybrid socio-hydrological framework to provide future insights for policy-makers. The data associated with the farmers’ main characteristics were collected through field surveys and interviews. Afterwards, the association rule was employed to discover the main patterns representing the farmers’ agricultural decisions. The discovered patterns were then used as the behavioural rules in ABM to simulate the agricultural activities. The proposed framework has been was applied to explore the interactions between agricultural activities and the main river feeding the Urmia-Lake, Iran. The outcomes indicate that farmers’ acquisitive traits and belongings have significant impacts on their socio-hydrological interactions. The reported values of the efficiency criteria may support the satisfactory performance of the proposed framework.  相似文献   

Water transport and tracer mixing in volcanic ash soils at a tropical hillslope: A wet layered sloping sponge     

Giovanny M. Mosquera  Patricio Crespo  Lutz Breuer  Jan Feyen  David Windhorst 《水文研究》2020,34(9):2032-2047

Andosol soils formed in volcanic ash provide key hydrological services in montane environments. To unravel the subsurface water transport and tracer mixing in these soils we conducted a detailed characterization of soil properties and analyzed a 3-year data set of sub-hourly hydrometric and weekly stable isotope data collected at three locations along a steep hillslope. A weakly developed (52–61 cm depth), highly organic andic (Ah) horizon overlaying a mineral (C) horizon was identified, both showing relatively similar properties and subsurface flow dynamics along the hillslope. Soil moisture observations in the Ah horizon showed a fast responding (few hours) “rooted” layer to a depth of 15 cm, overlying a “perched” layer that remained near saturated year-round. The formation of the latter results from the high organic matter (33–42%) and clay (29–31%) content of the Ah horizon and an abrupt hydraulic conductivity reduction in this layer with respect to the rooted layer above. Isotopic signatures revealed that water resides within this soil horizon for short periods, both at the rooted (2 weeks) and perched (4 weeks) layer. A fast soil moisture reaction during rainfall events was also observed in the C horizon, with response times similar to those in the rooted layer. These results indicate that despite the perched layer, which helps sustain the water storage of the soil, a fast vertical mobilization of water through the entire soil profile occurs during rainfall events. The latter being the result of the fast transmissivity of hydraulic potentials through the porous matrix of the Andosols, as evidenced by the exponential shape of the water retention curves of the subsequent horizons. These findings demonstrate that the hydrological behavior of volcanic ash soils resembles that of a “layered sponge,” in which vertical flow paths dominate.  相似文献   

北斗一张网业务管理与服务系统设计与实现     

唐晓霏  车一鸣  孙小超  魏以宽  赵鹏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):142-145

针对北斗一张网体系建设与运营项目的实际需求与现状，整合已有基础设施资源，深入研究挖掘了潜在的信息资源，搭建了一个标准化管理与服务应用统一平台——业务管理与服务系统，提高了系统的移动管理能力、系统管理水平及系统服务效率，改变了传统CORS的管理与运维模式，同时也为海量用户提供了更高效便捷的个性化服务，真正从应用层面上实现了规范化、体系化与便捷化。在这一系统的支撑下，北斗一张网服务体系确立了全新的管理机制，也为北斗未来更广泛地推广应用打下坚实基础。  相似文献